Teeth tartar, also known as dental calculus, is a hard, calcified deposit that forms on teeth when plaque is not removed through regular brushing and flossing. It can lead to various oral health issues, including gum disease and tooth decay.
Understanding what tartar is, how it forms, its effects on oral health, and the removal process can empower individuals to maintain a healthy smile.
What is Teeth Tartar?
Tartar is a yellowish or brownish substance that adheres to the teeth. It is formed when plaque, a sticky film of bacteria, hardens due to mineralization from saliva and other substances in the mouth. While plaque can be easily removed through daily oral hygiene practices, tartar is much harder and requires professional dental cleaning for removal.
How Does Tartar Form?
Plaque Formation: Tartar formation begins with the accumulation of plaque, which develops from the food particles and bacteria that remain on the teeth. Plaque starts forming within hours of eating and can quickly accumulate if proper oral hygiene is not maintained.
Mineralization: If plaque is not removed within 24 to 72 hours, it begins to mineralize. Saliva contains minerals such as calcium and phosphate, which contribute to the hardening of plaque. Over time, the plaque becomes tartar, which adheres tightly to the tooth surface, making it challenging to remove.
Growth and Expansion: Once tartar forms, it can continue to accumulate and grow if not addressed. It can develop both above and below the gum line, leading to more severe oral health problems, such as gingivitis and periodontitis.
Effects of Tartar on Oral Health
Gum Disease: Tartar is a significant contributor to gum disease. As it builds up, it creates an environment that encourages bacteria growth, leading to inflammation of the gums (gingivitis). If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form of gum disease that can result in tooth loss.
Cavities: The bacteria within tartar produce acids that can erode tooth enamel, leading to cavities. The presence of tartar makes it easier for plaque to accumulate, further increasing the risk of decay.
Bad Breath: Tartar can contribute to persistent bad breath (halitosis) due to the bacteria it harbors. As bacteria break down food particles, they release foul-smelling compounds that can lead to an unpleasant odor in the mouth.
Aesthetic Issues: Tartar buildup can be unsightly, causing teeth to appear yellow or brown. This can affect a person’s confidence and willingness to smile or engage in social interactions.
The Tartar Removal Process
Removing tartar requires professional intervention from a dentist or dental hygienist. The removal process typically involves the following steps:
1. Initial Examination
The process begins with a thorough dental examination. The dentist or hygienist will assess the extent of tartar buildup and evaluate the overall health of the teeth and gums. X-rays may be taken to determine any underlying issues, such as cavities or bone loss due to gum disease.
2. Scaling
The primary method of tartar removal is scaling, which can be performed using manual tools or ultrasonic devices.
Manual Scaling: This involves the use of specialized instruments called scalers or curettes to manually scrape away tartar from the tooth surface. The dental professional will carefully work to remove all visible tartar above and below the gum line.
Ultrasonic Scaling: This method uses high-frequency sound waves to vibrate and dislodge tartar from the teeth. The ultrasonic scaler also sprays a stream of water to wash away the loosened debris, making the process more efficient and comfortable for the patient.
3. Polishing
Once the tartar is removed, the dentist or hygienist will polish the teeth using a special toothpaste-like substance and a rotating rubber cup. This step helps to smooth the tooth surfaces and remove any remaining plaque or stains, leaving the teeth feeling clean and smooth.
4. Fluoride Treatment (Optional)
After scaling and polishing, a fluoride treatment may be applied to strengthen the enamel and provide additional protection against cavities. This step is especially beneficial for individuals who may be prone to tooth decay.
5. Post-Treatment Care
Following the tartar removal process, the dental professional will provide advice on maintaining optimal oral hygiene. This includes recommendations for brushing and flossing techniques, the importance of regular dental check-ups, and possibly dietary suggestions to minimize plaque buildup.
Preventing Tartar Buildup
Preventing tartar formation is primarily about maintaining good oral hygiene practices.
Here are some tips:
Regular Brushing: Brush your teeth at least twice a day using fluoride toothpaste. Make sure to brush for two minutes, covering all surfaces of the teeth.
Daily Flossing: Floss daily to remove plaque and food particles from between the teeth and along the gum line, where a toothbrush cannot reach.
Routine Dental Check-ups: Visit your dentist regularly for professional cleanings and check-ups. Most dentists recommend a cleaning every six months, but some individuals may need more frequent visits based on their oral health.
Healthy Diet: Limit sugary and acidic foods and beverages that can contribute to plaque formation. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can promote better oral health.
Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to help wash away food particles and bacteria. Staying hydrated also supports saliva production, which is essential for maintaining oral health.
Teeth tartar is a serious dental concern that can lead to significant oral health problems if not addressed promptly. Understanding how tartar forms and the importance of its removal can encourage individuals to prioritize their oral hygiene routines. Regular dental visits and good home care practices are crucial in preventing tartar buildup and maintaining a healthy, beautiful smile.
Make an appointment today to see a Dentist at Prandelli Dental Clinic
